Понятие о точечных ориентирах. Внемасштабные объекты. Обозначение их на карте
Самарский областной центр технического творчества учащихся
Самарская городская общественная организация
«Детско-молодежный спортивно-технический клуб Контур»
Абрамов А.В.
Самара, 2000 г.
Спортивная радиопеленгация
1 часть
Пособие для учащихся учреждений дополнительного образования и для занятий спортивной радиопеленгацией в семье
1.8. Понятие о точечных ориентирах. Внемасштабные объекты. Обозначение их на карте.
В предыдущих параграфах мы познакомились с линейными и площадными ориентирами.
Есть еще одна, большая группа ориентиров, называемых точечными (Рис). Это многочисленные искусственные объекты – заводские трубы, водонапорные башни, обелиски, колодцы. Это отдельные камни, бугорки и микроямки. Это муравейники, корчи, пни и отдельные деревья.
Объединяет эти ориентиры то, что они не имеют ни площади, ни протяженности. Их можно представить в виде точки. Такие ориентиры менее удобно использовать в качестве привязок, они не так заметны как линейные и площадные. Исключение составляют высокие сооружения и крупные камни.
Чаще всего точечные ориентиры имеют небольшой размер – в пределах 3-8 метров в плане. Если микроямку диаметром 5 метров попытаться изобразить в масштабе 1:10000, то на карте она будет размером 0,5 мм. Рисовать и разглядывать объект таких размеров очень неудобно. Поэтому, применяемые для обозначения точечных объектов знаки, делаются более крупными. Например, наша микроямка будет показана знаком диаметром примерно 1,5 мм.
Объекты, которые нельзя выразить в масштабе карты из-за небольших размеров, будем называть внемасштабными.
Как узнать точное местоположение нашей микроямки? Нужно найти «центр тяжести» условного знака. Если мы установим наш знак центром тяжести на острие иголки, он не упадет, а будет находиться в равновесии. Точно также определяется точное местоположение других внемасштабных объектов.
Когда говорят о камнях, микробугорках и микроямках имеют в виду объекты размерами 2-8 метров (зависит от масштаба карты).
Особый объект – это интересный ориентир, для которого нет специального знака, но который автор карты решил показать. Это может быть корч, муравейник и т. п.
Корч – вывороченный из земли пень или дерево.
Изучая условные знаки, вы обратили внимание на то, что для их обозначения используются разные цвета.
Черный цвет – это камни и искусственные (сделанные руками человека) объекты – дороги, башни, строения и т. п.
Зеленый и желтый – растительность.
Синий или голубой цвет – вода.
Коричневый – рельеф.
Рельефом будем называть неровности почвы – ямы, бугры, горы и овраги.
Например, знак особого объекта, показанный зеленым цветом, будет обозначать особый объект растительности, а коричневым – особый объект рельефа.
Задания для самостоятельной работы.
- Спланируйте и пробегите дистанцию со множеством КП, расположенных на точечных ориентирах.
- Пусть ваши друзья спланируют вам дистанцию и заклеят кружочки КП белой бумагой. Пробегите дистанцию, нарисуйте на карте ориентиры КП.
- Расставьте КП на точечных ориентирах. Пусть ваши друзья пробегут по этой дистанции. Поменяйтесь ролями.
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