Спортивная радиопеленгация как средство воспитания и развития подростка
Шабалина Надежда Юрьевна
Спортивная радиопеленгация является одним из технических и военно-прикладных видов спорта. Она наряду с другими видами радиоспорта имеет огромное значение в подготовке подростков к службе в рядах вооруженных сил РФ. Молодые люди призывного возраста, имеющие навыки и опыт в радиоспорте, легко адаптируются во многих армейских специальностях – связисты, радиометристы, гидроакустики, служащие на радиолокационных станциях и др.
Прикладное значение занятий спортивной радиопеленгацией (практическое понимание особенностей распространения радиоволн различных частотных диапазонов, владение радиоприемной техникой, умение ориентироваться, умение эффективно и быстро передвигаться по пересеченной местности) говорит об эффективности данного вида спорта и в военно-патриотическом воспитании. Процесс обучения затрагивает широкий спектр школьных предметов – физика, география, математика, биология, история, а также физическое развитие.
Качества, необходимые подростку в современном обществе: физические и психические качества, развитие познавательных способностей, самостоятельная деятельность, целеустремленность, ответственность, самоконтроль, самоопределение, а так же умение общаться в коллективе. Рассмотренные выше качества спортивной радиопеленгации, позволяют выделить ее, как дидактическое и воспитательное средство.
Спортивная радиопеленгация, известная под названием «охота на лис», наиболее интересный и динамичный вид радиоспорта. «Сущность соревнований – поиск и обнаружение с наименьшей затратой времени замаскированных на местности маломощных радиопередатчиков «лис» средствами и способами радиопеленгации, которыми пользуется спортсмен-охотник». [2, с. 3]
Многим подросткам нравится заниматься этим интересным и малоизвестным в настоящее время видом спорта. В этом виде спорта нужно не только хорошо бегать, но и думать головой, знать тактико-технические данные радиопеленгатора, уметь управлять им, знать и уметь принимать позывные сигналы «лис». Освоить топографию и уметь ориентироваться на местности, а также знать стратегию и тактику «охотника» на соревнованиях.
Программа по спортивной радиопеленгации рассчитана на 5 лет обучения, начиная с 5-6 класса и заканчивая 9-11 классом. Подростковый период длится с 10-11 до 16-17 лет, совпадая в современной российской школе со временем обучения детей в V-XI классах. «Перед созревающим подростком впервые раскрывается мир психического. В проникновении во внутреннюю действительность, в мир собственных переживаний решающую роль играет возникающая в переходном возрасте функция образования понятий. Только с образованием понятий наступает интенсивное развитие самовосприятия, самонаблюдения, интенсивное познание внутренней действительности, переживаний. Понятие, являясь важнейшим средством познания и понимания, приводит к основным изменениям в содержании мышления подростка» [6].
Занятия радиопеленгацией способствуют у подростков гармоничному развитию личности, в процессе тренировок существенно улучшаются их физические показатели, что позволяет существенно улучшить здоровье учащихся. При проведении тренировок учитываются индивидуальные особенности подростков, происходит воспитание психологически устойчивого человека. Участие в жизни коллектива помогает выработке у них таких качеств, как жизнелюбие, стойкость, уверенность в своих силах и ответственность за свои поступки. Занятия способствуют повышению волевых и деловых качеств личности учащихся, таких как умение самостоятельно ставить перед собой цель и доводить начатое до конца, способность к изобретательности и точности мышления. Систематические тренировки способствуют развитию памяти, внимания, аккуратности, решительности. Ребята учатся подавлять в себе отрицательные эмоции и создавать положительные.
Воспитательная работа в коллективе проводится в процессе занятий, соревнований, и направлена на развитие у юных спортсменов чувства ответственности за свои действия перед коллективом, сознательного отношения к занятиям спортом и добросовестного выполнения возложенных на них обязанностей, уважения к старшим, дружбы с товарищами, организованности и дисциплины.
В течение всего образовательного процесса по данной программе большое внимание уделяется развитию навыков практической деятельности, творческого потенциала, освоение азов пеленгации и ориентирования, овладение навыками работы с использованием техники.
Спортивная радиопеленгация обладает целым рядом дополнительных свойств, делающих ее еще более полезной в воспитании всесторонне развитого человека. Практическое закрепление знаний на тренировках и соревнованиях, дают возможность широко применять полученные знания в спортивной и повседневной жизни, расширяют круг общения подростка. Занятия этим видом спорта развивают гибкость и быстроту мышления, умение быстро и правильно ориентироваться в постоянно изменяющейся обстановке. Занятия проводятся в основном на свежем воздухе и оказывают благотворное влияние на здоровье подростка. Занимаясь лесными видами спорта, учащиеся на практике познают окружающий мир, получают начальные знания по экологии, учатся жить в гармонии с окружающей средой.
Таким образом, этот вид спорта обладает еще и целым набором качеств, превращающим его в мощное педагогическое средство.
Данная программа позволяет достичь следующих результатов у учащихся:
— развитие познавательных способностей (внимание, память (зрительная, слуховая), наблюдательность, воображение, логическое мышление);
— развитие физических качеств (выносливость, скорость, общефизическое развитие);
— психическое развитие (стрессоустойчивость, умение принимать решение в сложной ситуации в кротчайшие сроки);
— устойчивость интереса у воспитанников к выбранной области деятельности;
— удовлетворенность учащихся продуктами самостоятельной деятельности и достижениями;
— развитие нравственно-волевых качеств личности (настойчивость и целеустремлённость в достижении поставленной цели);
— сформированность ответственного и творческого отношения к своей деятельности на занятиях;
— развитие способности к адекватной самооценке и умение общаться в коллективе.
Литература:
[1] Абрамов А.В. Спортивная радиопеленгация. – Самара, 2001 – 48 с.
[2] Вартанесян В.А. Спортивная радиопеленгация. – М.: ДОСААФ, 1980 – 96 с.
[3] Гречихин А.И. Соревнования «Охота на лис». – М.: ДОСААФ, 1973 – 174 с.
[4] Гречихин А.И. Спортивная радиопеленгация в вопросах и ответах. – М.: ДОСААФ, 1985 – 175 с.
[5] Выготский Л.С. Проблемы психического развития ребенка. – В кн.: Избранные психологические исследования. Москва, 1956
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